Dualism, which posits distinct physical bodies and non-physical minds, struggles with explanatory depth and testable implications. Evidence shows systematic links between mental and neural states; brain alterations directly influence cognition and consciousness. Without a coherent mechanism for dualism’s interaction, neuroscience’s physical models effectively account for mental phenomena. Ultimately, cognitive abilities derive from organized neural dynamics, validating that minds are functions of brains, while dualism remains unsubstantiated and redundant.