Critiquing: #040 — Do I Have to Agree with St. Paul?

July 15, 2020 | Ask NT Wright Anything – Premier

Authorship debates — Pauline letters — Modern application — Theological questions — Church unity

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Episode Assessment:

		Commentary
Degree of Accuracy	B	The episode provides a largely accurate historical and theological discussion on Pauline letters, their authorship, and the applicability of Paul’s teachings to modern times. However, some statements are oversimplified or lack detailed evidence.
Degree of Coherence	B-	The content is mostly coherent, though there are moments where arguments could be structured more clearly. Some transitions between topics are abrupt, making it challenging to follow the logical flow.
Absence of Fallacies	C	Some arguments could benefit from addressing potential fallacies, particularly in assumptions about historical practices. The episode occasionally generalizes or makes unsupported claims.
Degree of Evidence	C+	Evidence is provided but could be more robust, especially concerning the scholarly debates on Pauline authorship. The reliance on personal impressions rather than systematic analysis weakens the evidence.
Degree of Testability	D+	Many theological assertions are difficult to test or verify empirically. The episode would benefit from presenting more verifiable claims.
Rational Confidence	C	The confidence in conclusions varies, with some points being well-supported and others less so. Greater consistency in evidence presentation would enhance confidence.

Potential/Apparent Weaknesses:

1. Accuracy of Theological Claims

“Interestingly, there were some in the middle of the 19th century, various skeptical German scholars who said that Paul didn’t write any of those letters.”

This statement oversimplifies the scholarly debate. The critique would benefit from a more nuanced discussion of the evidence and counterarguments from both sides.

2. Coherence of Arguments

“And so when we look at the style I want to say Paul writes in various different styles and it’s very difficult to say we now know that Paul looks like this and therefore that can’t be him.”

The argument about Pauline stylistic diversity lacks a clear structure and could confuse listeners. A more systematic breakdown of the stylistic differences and their implications would enhance coherence.

3. Addressing Logical Fallacies

“In the same way, when Paul himself goes to synagogue as a Christian apostle and talks about Jesus. They say, ‘You’re blaspheming. We have to punish you.’”

This reasoning could be seen as committing a hasty generalization by implying that all Jewish reactions to Paul were uniform. Recognizing the diversity of Jewish responses would strengthen the argument.

4. Robustness of Evidence

“The one letter that I really find each time I read through Paul and I read through Paul in Greek usually probably once or twice a year, each time I hit first Timothy I think oh this really sounds and feels very different like the rest.”

While personal impressions are valuable, they need to be supported by more systematic linguistic or textual analysis to be compelling evidence in scholarly debates.

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Formulations of Major Arguments

Argument 1: Authorship and Authenticity of Pauline Letters

1. Paul is traditionally credited with writing several New Testament letters.
2. Some letters exhibit stylistic and thematic differences.
3. Scholarly debate exists on the authenticity of certain letters.

Conclusion:
Therefore, it is plausible that not all letters attributed to Paul were authored by him, but this does not necessarily undermine their theological value.

Counter-Argument:
The stylistic and thematic differences observed in Pauline letters can be attributed to the diverse contexts and purposes for which they were written. Additionally, the use of scribes and varying rhetorical strategies may account for these differences without necessitating multiple authors. Thus, the authenticity of the letters should not be dismissed solely on stylistic grounds.

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Argument 2: Theological Consistency and Modern Application

1. Paul’s teachings are foundational to Christian theology.
2. Modern sensibilities sometimes conflict with Pauline doctrines.
3. Some scholars argue for reinterpreting Paul to align with contemporary values.

Conclusion:
Therefore, it is necessary to critically assess and possibly reinterpret Pauline teachings to ensure they remain relevant and applicable in the modern context.

Counter-Argument:
Reinterpreting Paul’s teachings to fit modern sensibilities risks distorting the original message and intent. Instead, a more fruitful approach is to engage with the historical and cultural context of Paul’s writings, understanding them within their original framework while drawing timeless principles that can be thoughtfully applied to today’s context without compromising their integrity.

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Argument 3: The Role of Paul in Early Christianity

1. Paul was not one of the original twelve apostles.
2. He played a significant role in the spread of Christianity.
3. Some question the legitimacy of his authority compared to the original apostles.

Conclusion:
Therefore, Paul’s authority and contributions to early Christianity should be viewed with some skepticism and balanced with the teachings of the original apostles.

Counter-Argument:
Paul’s unique encounter with the risen Christ and his subsequent transformation provide a strong basis for his apostolic authority. His extensive missionary work and theological contributions were crucial in shaping early Christian doctrine and expanding the church. Rather than viewing Paul’s authority with skepticism, it should be appreciated as complementary to the witness of the original apostles, contributing to a fuller understanding of Christian faith and practice.

◉ Addressing the Need for a Holy Book:

Exploring Superior Methods of God-Human Communication

Throughout history, many have pondered the necessity and efficacy of a “Holy Book” as a means for divine communication. The Bible and other sacred texts have been regarded as the ultimate mediums through which God communicates with humanity. However, one must consider whether an actual God, possessing infinite wisdom and power, would rely solely on a written text. There are numerous alternative methods of communication that could surpass the limitations of a book. Here, we explore these superior methods and their potential benefits.

Direct Communication

One of the most straightforward and effective methods God could employ is direct communication. Instead of relying on intermediaries or written texts, God could speak directly to individuals. This method eliminates any ambiguity or misinterpretation that might arise from textual analysis. Direct communication could occur through an inner voice or an undeniable external manifestation, ensuring that the message is clear and understood by all.

Telepathic Transmission

A more advanced and precise method would be telepathic transmission. This form of communication allows God to convey thoughts, emotions, and intentions directly into the human mind. Telepathy would ensure that the message is received without any loss of meaning or context, providing a more intimate and personal connection between God and each individual.

Universal Visions

Universal visions are another powerful method of communication. God could impart collective visions to humanity, where everyone experiences the same visual and auditory messages simultaneously. These visions would be unmistakable and universally comprehensible, leaving no room for doubt or misinterpretation. Such experiences would also foster a sense of unity and shared understanding among people.

Miraculous Signs

Miraculous signs could serve as a potent form of communication. God could perform miracles that are visible to all, conveying messages through actions rather than words. These signs would be irrefutable evidence of divine intervention, providing clear and undeniable guidance. For instance, the sudden healing of a terminal illness or a natural phenomenon occurring in response to a specific query could serve as direct answers from God.

Digital Communication

In the modern era, digital communication could be a viable method. God could use technology to send messages through electronic devices, ensuring that the message reaches a global audience instantaneously. This method leverages the ubiquity and accessibility of technology, making divine communication more efficient and widespread. Customized notifications or messages appearing on personal devices could provide immediate and relevant guidance to individuals.

Enhanced Human Perception

God could also enhance human perception, allowing individuals to perceive divine messages through heightened senses. This enhanced perception could include the ability to see, hear, or feel divine presence and instructions in ways that are currently beyond human capabilities. Such enhancements would make divine communication a constant and tangible part of human experience, integrating spiritual guidance seamlessly into everyday life.

Conclusion

Considering the infinite capabilities attributed to a supreme deity, relying solely on a written text like the Bible seems unnecessarily limited. Direct communication, telepathic transmission, universal visions, miraculous signs, digital communication, and enhanced human perception are all methods that could provide more effective, clear, and immediate communication between God and humanity. These methods would reduce ambiguity, enhance personal connection, and ensure that divine messages are accessible to all.

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We warmly welcome you to discuss this topic further in the comments section. Your thoughts, experiences, and perspectives are invaluable as we explore the potential for more profound and direct forms of divine communication.